In Apr., 2006, Jordan accused Hamas of planning attacks against targets in Jordan, saying that it had detained militants and seized weapons that had come in from Syria. The June, 2003, parliamentary elections resulted in a majority for the king’s supporters Islamists won 18 seats.
In 2001 parliament’s term expired without new elections being called they were postponed out of fear that popular sympathy for the Palestinians in their renewed conflict with Israel would lead to a victory for the Islamic parties. Political liberalization has been slow in coming. Although there has been some progress in terms of economic development, the country remains dependent on tourism, which has been hurt by its location between Israel and Iraq. Hussein continued to promote peace between Arabs and Israelis until his death in 1999 he was succeeded by his son Abdullah II who pledged to work toward a more open government and to ease restrictions on public expression. In 1991 Jordan began peace talks with Israel, and a treaty was signed in 1994. It was officially neutral in the Persian Gulf War, but many Jordanians supported Iraq. Jordan also joined most of the other Arab countries in opposing the 1979 peace treaty between Egypt and Israel. Jordan renounced (1974 reaffirmed 1988) its claims to the West Bank in order to allow the Palestine Liberation Organization eventually to organize a state in this territory. Growing hostility between Hussein and Palestinian guerrilla organizations operating in Jordan led to a brief civil war in 1970, and guerrilla bases were destroyed in 1971. Jordanian forces were routed by Israel in the 1967 war and Jordan lost the West Bank. His grandson, Hussein I, became king the following year. Abdullah ibn Husain, a member of the Hashemite dynasty that headed Jordan since 1921, was assassinated in 1951. The country gained independence in 1946, and the name was changed (1949) to Jordan, reflecting its acquisition of land W of the Jordan R. In 1920 Transjordan (as it was then known) was made part of the British mandate of Palestine. The Ottoman Turks gained control in 1516, and what is now Jordan remained in the Ottoman Empire until World War I. After the Crusaders captured (1099) Jerusalem, it became part of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. The region of present-day Jordan was conquered successively by the Seleucids (4th cent. This section deals primarily with the region east of the Jordan River for the history of the area to the west, see Palestine. Political parties were again permitted to field candidates in 1993. The bicameral parliament has been convened and dissolved by the king several times since 19 elections were the first in 22 years. Under the 1952 constitution, the king is the most powerful figure in the country he appoints a cabinet (headed by a prime minister). About 95% of the people are Sunni Muslims. The inhabitants of Jordan are mostly of Arab descent (over half are of Palestinian descent), and Arabic is the official language, although English is also spoken among the higher socio-economic groups. Aqaba, on the Gulf of Aqaba, is the only seaport. The annual cost of Jordan's imports far exceeds its earnings from exports. Phosphate rock and potash are the only minerals produced in quantity. Manufactures are limited to such items as foodstuffs, clothing, and cement, and there is some oil refining. The principal crops are vegetables, wheat, and citrus fruits olives are grown for oil.
Jordan's economy has traditionally been based on agriculture, although less than 5% of the land is arable. In the Arab-Israeli War of 1967, Israel captured and occupied the West Bank, and Jordan has since renounced its claim to the area (see below). Pre-1967 Jordan fell into three main geographical regions: East Jordan, which encompasses about 92% of the country's land area the Jordanian Highlands (highest point, 5,755 ft/1,754 m) and West Jordan (the West Bank, part of historic Palestine. Jordan, officially Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, kingdom (1995 est. Use translating services in Chrome or Bing Bar in Internet Explorer to view page and/or linked websites in your language.Use the "FIND" function in the Edit menu of your browser to search the page.This page contains links to sites in Jordan and Jordan related sites.įor Middle East, North Africa, Arab and regional information visit Arab Countries
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